Effects of wind on plants
Résumé
This review surveys the large variety of mechanical interactions between wind and plants from plants, from plat organ to plant systems. These interactions range from leaf flutter to uprootig and seed dispersal, as well as indirect effects on photosynthesis or insect communication. I first estimate the relevant nondimensional parameters and then discuss turbulence, plant dynamics, and the mechanisms of interaction in this context. Some common features are identified and analyzed in relation to the wind engineering of manmade structures. Strong coupling between plants and wind exists, in which the plant motion modifies the wind dynamics. I also present some related biological issues in which the relation between plant life and wind environment is emphasized. Copyright © 2008 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.